Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 Definition
Source(google.com.pk)
Clinical health psychology (ClHP) is a
term that refers to the application of scientific knowledge, derived
from the field of health psychology, to clinical questions that may
arise across the spectrum of health care. ClHP is one of many specialty
practice area for clinical psychologists. It is also a major contributor
to the prevention focused field of behavioral health and the treatment
oriented field of behavioral medicine. Clinical practice includes
education, the techniques of behavior change, and psychotherapy. In some
countries, a clinical health psychologist, with additional training,
can become a medical psychologist and, thereby, obtain prescription
privileges.Public health psychology (PHP) is population
oriented. A major aim of PHP is to investigate potential causal links
between psychosocial factors and health at the population level. Public
health psychologists present research results to educators, policy
makers, and health care providers in order to promote better public
health. PHP is allied to other public health disciplines including
epidemiology, nutrition, genetics and biostatistics. Some PHP
interventions are targeted toward at-risk population groups (e.g.,
undereducated, single pregnant women who smoke) and not the population
as a whole (e.g., all pregnant women).Community health
psychology (CoHP) investigates community factors that contribute to the
health and well-being of individuals who live in communities. CoHP also
develops community-level interventions that are designed to combat
disease and promote physical and mental health. The community often
serves as the level of analysis, and is frequently sought as a partner
in health-related interventions.
Critical health psychology
(CrHP) is concerned with the distribution of power and the impact of
power differentials on health experience and behavior, health care
systems, and health policy. CrHP prioritizes social justice and the
universal right to health for people of all races, genders, ages, and
socioeconomic positions. A major concern is health inequalities. The
critical health psychologist is an agent of change, not simply an
analyst or cataloger. A leading organization in this area is the
International Society of Critical Health PsychologHealth
psychology is both a theoretical and applied field. Health psychologists
employ diverse research methods. These methods include controlled
randomized experiments, quasi-experiments, longitudinal studies,
time-series designs, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies
as well as action research. Health psychologists study a broad range of
variables including genotype, cardiovascular disease (cardiac
psychology), smoking habits, religious beliefs, alcohol use, social
support, living conditions, emotional state, social class, and much
more. Some health psychologists treat individuals with sleep problems,
headaches, alcohol problems, etc. Other health psychologists work to
empower community members by helping community members gain control over
their health and improve quality of life of entire communitiesOrigins and DevelopmePsychological
factors in health had been studied since the early 20th century by
disciplines such as psychosomatic medicine and later behavioral
medicine, but these were primarily branches of medicine, not psychology.
Health psychology began to emerge as a distinct discipline of
psychology in the United States in the 1970s. In the mid-20th century
there was a growing understanding in medicine of the effect of behavior
on health. For example, the Alameda County Study which began in the
1960s showed that people who ate regular meals (e.g. breakfast),
maintained a healthy weight, received adequate sleep, did not smoke,
drank little alcohol and exercise regularly were in better health and
lived longer.[5] At the same time, there was a growing realization of
the importance of good communication skills in medical consultations. In
addition, psychologists and other scientists were discovering
relationships between psychological processes and physiological ones.
These included the impact of stress on the cardiovascular and immune
systems of the body, and the early finding that the functioning of the
immune system could be altered by learning.
Psychologists had
been working in medical settings for some years previously in several
countries such as the UK (sometimes termed medical psychology). However
it was a small field, primarily working with adjustment to illness, with
psychological factors usually as (often emotional) reactions to
illness. In 1969, William Schofield prepared a report for the American
Psychological Association entitled The Role of Psychology in the
Delivery of Health Services. While there were exceptions, he found
that the psychological research of the time frequently saw mental health
and physical health as entirely separate, and devoted very little
attention to psychology's impact upon physical health. Of the
psychologists working at the time, few were involved with this area, and
he proposed that new forms of education and training for future
psychologists would be needed. The APA reacted in 1973 by setting up a
task force to consider how psychologists could help people to manage
their health behaviours, as well as to better manage physical health
problems and train healthcare staff to work most effectively with
patients.
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013
|
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 |
|
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 |
|
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 |
|
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 |
|
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 |
|
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 |
|
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 |
|
Asian Bride With Latest Mehandi 2013 |
No comments:
Post a Comment